The formation of co-patent and co-publication networks in Chinese regional systems of innovation

Abstract

Drawing on the multiplex relationships between co-patent and co-publication networks in equipment manufacturing in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (China) between 1987 and 2013, we explore how repetitive activities, and triadic and quadratic closure shape network structures over time. Beyond pure empirical considerations, we offer a theoretical argument on how four-step cycles that we call quadratic closure are developing over time in the context of co-publication and co-patent activities. We also illustrate the important role of brokers between the academic world of publications and the world of patenting for regional systems of innovation. Our results on ‘quadratic closure’ contribute to theory development regarding the formation of coherent subgroups in networks. Especially, state-owned firms and universities are recognized as important facilitators of relations in the observed network structures. We complement our quantitative findings with qualitative insights from interviews in the field. In sum, our analysis contributes to the debate on the formation and development of network formations in regional systems of innovation.